To What Extent Are Ethical Theories Helpful When Considering the Issues Surrounding Homosexualit

To what extent are ethical theories helpful when considering the issues surrounding homosexuality? Many ethical theories can be used to discuss and interpret the issues surrounding homosexuality. I shall begin by outlining some relevant views, from the perspective of Virtue, Utilitarianism, Natural Law, Christian Ethics and Kant Christian Ethics can be separated into difference sections as there does not appear to be one single Christian view on homosexuality . At a glance, many Christians interpret passages in the Bible as condemning homosexuality and something that people should be cured of.The Protestant approach is ‘to love the sinner and hate the sin’ which would mean that the practice of homosexual acts is wrong, but homosexuals themselves ought to be loved. The Roman Catholic approach teaches similarly- there is nothing wrong with being homosexual, but a homosexual act is a sin. They would say then that a homosexual must commit themselves to celibacy, a view influ enced by Paul. There are more liberal approaches within Christianity where homosexuality is not an issue, as long as the relationship is stable and committed; the same as a heterosexual relationship.This view is also founded on Bible teachings- if God created man in his image and God is perfect, then all people are good because God made them either straight or gay. Aquinas’ Natural Law states that the purpose of sex is purely procreation and as homosexuality can never result in a child, it defies Natural Law and must be wrong. The primary precept of ‘Continuation of the species through reproduction’ is also violated by the concept of homosexuality for the same reason.It also involves sex outside of marriage which Aquinas also: Aquinas, the behind natural law also condemned homosexuality as ‘unnatural’, so natural Law clearly has very strong views against homosexuality. Utilitarianism would currently view all sexualities as viable as it is likely ther e are more gay people than people who are upset by homosexuality, therefore it is the greatest good for the greatest number. However, were the majority of earth’s population to become homosexual, Utilitarianism would no longer approve as it would not lead to the continuation of the human race, which would be not good for a great number of people.Utilitarianism holds a fairly liberal view on homosexuality, saying that there may be a situation in which there is a happier homosexual couple than a heterosexual couple, in which in fairness to the homosexual couple, it would be right to allow them the happiness of being in a relationship. However they may also say that homosexuality is currently held in a somewhat negative view by man people, and that their happiness is in question if they are an ‘outcast’ in society.The first maxim of Kant’s Categorical Imperative could be a problem with homosexuality as it implies that if you are homosexual everyone else ought to be to  . Universalisation says that we should apply homosexuality as a maxim and apply it to everyone; however this would lead to a problem, as the continuation of the species would not occur. We could however adjust this maxim for sexuality, however, this may be moving away from the absolutist nature of Kants categorical imperative. He also states that marriage is the only place in which sex may take place. However, were gay marriage to become legal Kant may approve.Fletcher’s Situation ethics encourages only the most loving thing, which would mean that the only thing that would be wrong according to it is sex without a loving commitment. This would mean that there is no problem with being homosexual and relationships are fine as long as they are loving and committed. In Christian Ethics there appear to be many contradictions in approaches to homosexuality. Where many say the Bible condemns homosexuality, others say that the most important message of the Bible is to lo ve your neighbour, which would of course include homosexuals.As well as this, there is the question of such an ancient texts’ relevance in contemporary culture. Many messages of the Bible are ignored and dismissed as culturally irrelevant, for example, many messages about the rights and roles of women, as if the Bible and the Church have managed to change the views on the role of women, they could indeed do the same for homosexuality. It could be argued that we should prioritize loving everyone over condemning homosexuality. For this reason, it isn’t a very good theory to refer to when exploring the issues of homosexuality. Natural Law, however, is much easier to understand.It has the advantage of having no room for misinterpretation and can be totally universal and absolutist. The only problem with it is that perhaps it is not in fact natural for humans to follow such strict laws. it is not liberal enough to allow for a loving relationship between homosexuals Utilitar ianism seems like a good theory to apply when looking at fairness in sexual ethics. As long as there are more homosexual people than people who dislike homosexuals and enough heterosexual people for continuation of the species to happen, all sexualities are fine and the majority of the human race ought to be content.The issue with Kant’s approach is the fact that the maxim of universalisation is difficult to apply to sexual ethics. As you can’t universalize homosexual sex as it would make continuation of the species impossible, Kant cannot condone this. However, this creates countless other problems when you think about how complex it would be to actually apply universalisation to every single aspect of sexuality. If we choose to ignore universalisation because we might not be able to continue the species at all if we were to stick to it entirely, we can then look to Kant’s rule of no sex outside marriage. This is, of course, much easier to follow.Fletcherâ€⠄¢s Situation Ethics following the cause of Agape seems the best approach to issues surrounding homosexuality. It can be universalized easily- have sex only in a loving committed relationship and is easy to remember and maintain. It does not discriminate between sexual preferences and should end with as many people happy as possible. In conclusion, there are many ways in which ethical theory can be used to address issues surrounding homosexuality. It is perfectly possible to be ethically sound and homosexual simultaneously, main problems arrive when we consider rules about procreation and the continuation of the species To What Extent Are Ethical Theories Helpful When Considering the Issues Surrounding Homosexualit To what extent are ethical theories helpful when considering the issues surrounding homosexuality? Many ethical theories can be used to discuss and interpret the issues surrounding homosexuality. I shall begin by outlining some relevant views, from the perspective of Virtue, Utilitarianism, Natural Law, Christian Ethics and Kant Christian Ethics can be separated into difference sections as there does not appear to be one single Christian view on homosexuality . At a glance, many Christians interpret passages in the Bible as condemning homosexuality and something that people should be cured of.The Protestant approach is ‘to love the sinner and hate the sin’ which would mean that the practice of homosexual acts is wrong, but homosexuals themselves ought to be loved. The Roman Catholic approach teaches similarly- there is nothing wrong with being homosexual, but a homosexual act is a sin. They would say then that a homosexual must commit themselves to celibacy, a view influ enced by Paul. There are more liberal approaches within Christianity where homosexuality is not an issue, as long as the relationship is stable and committed; the same as a heterosexual relationship.This view is also founded on Bible teachings- if God created man in his image and God is perfect, then all people are good because God made them either straight or gay. Aquinas’ Natural Law states that the purpose of sex is purely procreation and as homosexuality can never result in a child, it defies Natural Law and must be wrong. The primary precept of ‘Continuation of the species through reproduction’ is also violated by the concept of homosexuality for the same reason.It also involves sex outside of marriage which Aquinas also: Aquinas, the behind natural law also condemned homosexuality as ‘unnatural’, so natural Law clearly has very strong views against homosexuality. Utilitarianism would currently view all sexualities as viable as it is likely ther e are more gay people than people who are upset by homosexuality, therefore it is the greatest good for the greatest number. However, were the majority of earth’s population to become homosexual, Utilitarianism would no longer approve as it would not lead to the continuation of the human race, which would be not good for a great number of people.Utilitarianism holds a fairly liberal view on homosexuality, saying that there may be a situation in which there is a happier homosexual couple than a heterosexual couple, in which in fairness to the homosexual couple, it would be right to allow them the happiness of being in a relationship. However they may also say that homosexuality is currently held in a somewhat negative view by man people, and that their happiness is in question if they are an ‘outcast’ in society.The first maxim of Kant’s Categorical Imperative could be a problem with homosexuality as it implies that if you are homosexual everyone else ought to be to  . Universalisation says that we should apply homosexuality as a maxim and apply it to everyone; however this would lead to a problem, as the continuation of the species would not occur. We could however adjust this maxim for sexuality, however, this may be moving away from the absolutist nature of Kants categorical imperative. He also states that marriage is the only place in which sex may take place. However, were gay marriage to become legal Kant may approve.Fletcher’s Situation ethics encourages only the most loving thing, which would mean that the only thing that would be wrong according to it is sex without a loving commitment. This would mean that there is no problem with being homosexual and relationships are fine as long as they are loving and committed. In Christian Ethics there appear to be many contradictions in approaches to homosexuality. Where many say the Bible condemns homosexuality, others say that the most important message of the Bible is to lo ve your neighbour, which would of course include homosexuals.As well as this, there is the question of such an ancient texts’ relevance in contemporary culture. Many messages of the Bible are ignored and dismissed as culturally irrelevant, for example, many messages about the rights and roles of women, as if the Bible and the Church have managed to change the views on the role of women, they could indeed do the same for homosexuality. It could be argued that we should prioritize loving everyone over condemning homosexuality. For this reason, it isn’t a very good theory to refer to when exploring the issues of homosexuality. Natural Law, however, is much easier to understand.It has the advantage of having no room for misinterpretation and can be totally universal and absolutist. The only problem with it is that perhaps it is not in fact natural for humans to follow such strict laws. it is not liberal enough to allow for a loving relationship between homosexuals Utilitar ianism seems like a good theory to apply when looking at fairness in sexual ethics. As long as there are more homosexual people than people who dislike homosexuals and enough heterosexual people for continuation of the species to happen, all sexualities are fine and the majority of the human race ought to be content.The issue with Kant’s approach is the fact that the maxim of universalisation is difficult to apply to sexual ethics. As you can’t universalize homosexual sex as it would make continuation of the species impossible, Kant cannot condone this. However, this creates countless other problems when you think about how complex it would be to actually apply universalisation to every single aspect of sexuality. If we choose to ignore universalisation because we might not be able to continue the species at all if we were to stick to it entirely, we can then look to Kant’s rule of no sex outside marriage. This is, of course, much easier to follow.Fletcherâ€⠄¢s Situation Ethics following the cause of Agape seems the best approach to issues surrounding homosexuality. It can be universalized easily- have sex only in a loving committed relationship and is easy to remember and maintain. It does not discriminate between sexual preferences and should end with as many people happy as possible. In conclusion, there are many ways in which ethical theory can be used to address issues surrounding homosexuality. It is perfectly possible to be ethically sound and homosexual simultaneously, main problems arrive when we consider rules about procreation and the continuation of the species

Why the IR happened in the 1800

The chapter I am going to review is from the book â€Å"A farewell to Alms†. It discusses the divide between rich and poor nations that came about as a result of the Industrial Revolution in terms of the evolution of particular behaviors originating in Britain. Prior to 1790 man faced a Malthusian trap: new technology enabled greater productivity and more food, but was quickly gobbled up by higher populations.And the the author of this book that had mixed reviews but evaluated the book as well written and interesting is Gregory Clark a professor of economics and department hair until 2013 at the University of California The Industrial Revolution, the escape from the Malthusian trap, was a great breakthrough in human history that in many ways (higher standards of living, housing, population increase and so on) forever changed the lifestyles of millions of people. So far no one has fgured out why the Industrial Revolution was delayed until around the 1800.Even though there are m any different theories trying to solve the puzzle of the Industrial Revolution all of them face some problems and Gregory Clark tells us about the main theories and gives us is reasoning as to why explaining the Industrial Revolution is an almost impossible challenge. Since the industrial boom had such a huge impact on humanity I believe that the problem Clark is mentioning is highly important because complete knowledge of how it all began may trigger a new wave of modernizations and different transitions.Even though I don't agree with everything Clark says (more on that later) it is amazing how much effort he put in his book considering that he spent 20 years scanning medieval English archives to give us his ideas on the troublesome uestion my essay is about. His opinions are well argumented and even if it is hard to agree with some of them it is even harder to constructively disagree.In my essay I will give you a brief summary of what Clark writes about and then carefully analyze it to give my personal opinion on the topic of why the Industrial Revolution happened so late even though there were economically stable countries much earlier such as ancient Babylonia and Greece As I already said, the article IVe read has some interesting points that are well rgumented and wisely asked questions like â€Å"What was different about all preindustrial societies that generated such low and faltering rates of efficiency growth?What change to such a stable nongrowth configuration generated the Industrial Revolution? † Clarks book adopts the view that the Industrial Revolution emerged only a millennia after the arrival of institutionally stable economies in societies because institutions themselves interacted with the changed human culture. Malthusian pressures rewarded effort and fertility limitations which facilitated modern economic growth. Clark states that all the theories offered by historians fall in to 3 major groups: Exogenous Growth Theories, Multiple Eq uilibrium Theories, Endogenous Growth Theories.Exogenous Growth theories attempts to explain long-run economic growth by looking at productivity, capital accumulation, population growth, and technological progress. However Clark says two considerations suggest that these theories face almost insurmountable problems. First of all there is no sign of any improvement in the appropriability of knowledge until long after the Industrial Revolution was well nder way. Secondly there is no evidence that in the long run institutions can be a dertermining factor in the operation of economies.The Multiple Equilibrium theories is a class of theories in which families switch from an equilibrium under which everyone has large numbers of children ( all the children get invested little time in) to one under which families have a small number of children ( all of the children get lots of attention). Endogenous growth theories holds that economic growth is primarily the result of ndogenous and not ext ernal forces. Endogenous growth theory holds that investment in human capital, innovation, and knowledge are significantcontributors to economic growth.The theory also focuses on positive externalities and spillover effects of a knowledge-based economy which will lead to economic development. Lots if economists now think that efficient institutions promote economic growth. Well-defined property rights, freedom from expropriation, unimpeded markets, and minimal government are a common recipe for success. Clark opposing to lots of istorians does not agree that institutions are an explanation of economic growth. Clark questions the role of institutions a lot of times in his work.He is enthusiastic about the argument that inefficient institutions cannot persist for long because everyone could gain from reforming them. Slavery and serfdom are his examples: if these institutions were inefficient then the slaves and serfs should have been able to buy out Institutionalists would respond (ac cording to Clark) that a deal would be impractical, for the former slave owners could not collect their 'emancipation ayments' after abolition. Only a forceful change in property rights would end serfdom or slavery.Clarks riposte to this is that slavery in the Roman empire and serfdom in medieval England, in fact, disappeared without a social struggle. So history shows that institutions respond to market forces and do not constrain them. Hence, according to Clark, bad institutions cannot explain poor economic performance. The trouble with Clarks riposte is that his counterexamples do not make his point. Slavery in the Roman empire â€Å"ended† in the second century. Previously, it had been a brutal system of extreme work, draconian punishments, and no family life.

Module 5 case assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 5 case - Assignment Example The new strategies aim at eliminating promotion of products and focuses on selling the recognized brands. The promotion based pricing strategy was initially adopted by the company but latter the company undertook mark-up pricing strategy which made room for promotional discounts. However, the new everyday pricing strategy helped the company to set prices at a lower range and eliminated the need for higher sales price. There are several changes in the pricing structure of the company as the prices no longer ended in decimal number such as $9.99 etc rather whole figures are used for the products. The price tags of the products employed only one price and did not print the retailing price of the manufacturers. This trend of printing the retailing price in the product provided greater comparison pertaining to the amount of product that should be sold. The retailer has made important changes in assorting merchandise (Hess, 2011). The company focused on its mini-stores within larger ones and evaluated that the mini-stores are selling higher than the larger one. The new pricing strategy never gained any attention and thus it is unsuccessful in making any change to the situation. The consumers are not happy with the pricing strategies and the sales of the company declined steadily as time passed. The company encountered a loss of $3.3 billion in the first year of sales of Johnson plan. The amount increased as it approached the second year. The annual revenue of the company in 2011 declined 25% a sharp decline after 1987 (Henricks, 2010). As a result of the decline the CEO announced that the company will not use the everyday pricing strategy anymore and would return to the previous coupons and discounts and would focus on advertised sales (Henricks, 2010; Hill, 2010). 1) Everyday pricing is not correctly executed by the company as it sells many products and does not concentrate on a unique one. Everyday pricing is

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Final - Assignment Example Scientists are putting their best effort to install in these machines, the human like features like reasoning, intelligence, emotions and so on. If a real breakthrough is accomplished, then robots will become better performers than humans – by virtue of their being machines. Robots are speedy and accurate. They can be used in carrying out difficult tasks like welding of machines in a high temperature environment. They do not get tired or stop to eat or require a break and most interesting of all to the modern manager, robots do not complain. Such features could lead to adoption of the robot-worker, replacing human labor. This contributes to social injustice. Humans will be having their robot colleagues in the work place and whether the two will complement or compete with each other is still uncertain (Rooksby). On March 13, 2004, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which is a small branch of the department of defense in the U.S and has the responsibility of developing the technology of the military celebrating its 10th anniversary of the DARPA Grand Challenge. 15 self-driving cars were involved in the exercise in which the robotic drivers sped through a 142-mile course between Barstow, California and Prim, Nev. The ensuing developments accelerated the development of autonomous vehicles that, according to the agency officials, could be very instrumental in doing cargo supplies and other military supplies to areas of combat without putting the lives of the human drivers in danger. Such technological inventions have promoted human justice by protecting their lives in time of war. Despite such advancements military armaments that are as a result of technology has caused lots of death and loss of earth around the globe. The use of atomic and nuclear bombs, machine guns and ot her weapons of mass destruction have led to many

Interpersonal Communication Project Research Paper

Interpersonal Communication Project - Research Paper Example basic concept that I learned from the research is that when a motivated teacher blends â€Å"innovative and traditional strategies† the students become more motivated to learn and incorporate necessary changes in their attitudes (Bernaus, Wilson & Gardner, 2009, p.32). Thus, when the concept of education encompasses character development, aligned with the traditional learning processes, it can nourish in students qualities of â€Å"justice, diligence, compassion, respect, and courage† as well as imbibe in them a drive to live with these values (11 Principles, 2010, p.1). Similarly, I have also learned that as opposed to conventional notions of education giving high levels of intelligence, I believe a stronger foundation on values and ethics should be the ultimate objective of learning. I also understand that once such values are imbibed in students they will become diligent, perseverant and hard working. Besides, it will also facilitate them the traits of â€Å"critica l thinking and positive attitude† (p.2). I also learned that while mugging up parts of lessons may fetch a student higher percentage of marks, one who acquires the ability to critically think will fare better in practical life when assigned a task to execute. I consider the element of interest as the basic component of motivation and thus I strive to design lessons and projects that evoke the interest of students. Similarly, I have come to appreciate the fact that though motivation often determines success, the activity that leads to the attainment comes from one’s character, which facilitates â€Å"natural ability and competence† (Kheruniah, 2013, p.108). Thus, I have learned that building up students’ character will go a long way in making them successful by pursuing their goals more vigorously. My understanding of above concepts will enable me to employ suitable skills to design my teaching plans as well as solving problems. Besides, it signifies the importance of making children adhere to the

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, Essay

Free movement of people, discrimination on the grounds of nationality, the legitimacy of an EU regulation - Essay Example The researcher states that article 45 of the Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) covers the free movement of workers within the European Union. Essentially, the right to freedom of workers of EU nationals within member states shall be â€Å"secured within the European Union†. The freedom of movement of workers contained in Article 45 is thus exemplified and regulated by virtue of Regulation ECC 1612/68 which confers upon EU workers the right to have family members reside with him/her when working in another member stae. Together this regulatory framework as applied the European Courts means that Freedom of movement of EU nationals intrinsically means that all obstacles to the freedom of movement must be eliminated. Thus, the EU law regulating the free movement of workers confers upon Rodger, an EU national to work freely within the EU and he should be secure in that right in that all obstacles to this right should be removed. It a ppears that the main obstacle to Rodger’s right to work freely within the EU is the immigration status of his wife Jaunita, who is a non-Member national (Columbian). Rodger who has had difficulties obtaining residential status for Jaunita in England has obtained an entry visa for her in the Netherlands where he has taken up work at a university there. Under the family reunification principle, Rodgers has the right to now return to England with his non-member state wife. It was held in C-370/90 Singh [1992] that a member state could not apply its national immigration laws to a case where an individual national of one member state exercised his or her right to the free movement of workers. If this were the case, EU nationals would not exercise the right to free movement of workers for fear that they could not return to the home state with their families.5 It therefore follows that while England could have rejected Rodger’s application for a residence permit for his forei gn spouse initially, England cannot stop Rodger going to another member state to work, obtaining a residence permit for Jaunita and returning to England with the right to continue to have Jaunita residing with him in England.6 By exercising the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, Rodger is entitled to the protection conferred upon him under EU law and with that comes the right to the protection of his private and family life.7 At the end of the day, once a EU citizen exercises the right to the free movement of workers under Article 3(1) of Directive 2004/38, they will have the rights of residence and employment in the host member state continue in the home state upon return.8 It has also been held that once an EU national exercises the right to the free movement of workers within the EU, his/her spouse, including non-member state spouses have the right to work in the host state.9 Based on the authorities discussed, it is concluded that Rodger has the right to have J aunita reside with him in the Netherlands. Jaunita also has the right to work in the Netherlands as a dependent on Rodger. Moreover, based on the family reunification principle, Jaunita and Rodger may return to England with Jaunita continuing to exercise the right to reside with Rodger and work, rights transferred from the host state to the home state under Community law relative to the free movement of workers. 2. Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality Juanita and Rodger have the right to the protection accorded all individuals within the EU under the non-discrimination principle expressed in Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union,

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Literature Review - Essay Example Kennedy (2008) however argues that the overall interests of the transsexual children are ignored by both the schools as well as the families besides department of children is also paying attention to them. (KENNEDY). This argument is therefore in conformity with the arguments of Dewey who claim that transsexual children internalize different environments on their own and plan their strategies in a manner that allow them to comply with the changing conditions besides allowing them to deal with their future medical conditions. The synthesis of both of these articles therefore would suggest that though the transsexual children are ignored by their families, schools and even the department of children, however, they have the capability to develop their own internal images of how to deal with the different difficult and easier situations. This development therefore contributes towards the achievement of their necessary survival within the society. Menvielle (2009) also argues on the role of families in helping their children to learn to cope with the reality of transsexuality and whether a child is helped to make a transition to genders from the stage of puberty is discussed. (Menvielle). Menwielle however provides a description of how families can be taught and trained to deal with the challenging situation of dealing with their children and helping them to make a transition. This argument therefore inherently points out towards the fact that existing family system and values may be insufficient in providing deliberate support to such children to face the difficult situations in life and make successful transitiona and go through various developmental stages easily. What is significant however, about the arguments of all three arguments is the fact that Kenney provides evidence regarding the role of schools and families in helping their children to better cope with the reality. Menvielle therefore provides further evidence as to how the

MME Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MME - Assignment Example The private and public sector all have a managing system designed to run the organization’s operations from day to day. As was created at privatization, the British railway industry structure still remains much the same according to the Department of transport (1992: 33). Giving of incentives efficiently to both train operators and privately owned infrastructure providers was a fundamental principle that to some degree still remains and by being made to suffer the financial setbacks of their inefficiencies, this reduced the call on the taxpayer. That is a discipline is meant to be created in any other shareholder company, through take the taxpayers to the companies the risk in which the value of the owners' assets are at stake. The Nation railway in the United Kingdom was run by an executive committee of rail company managers and controlled by the government in the First World War. A decision then had to be made in 1919 on how the railways would be returned to the private sect or. In 1947 in order to provide an economical, efficient, adequate and properly integrated system of inland transport, a British Transport Commission was set up (Department of transport, 1992: 33). ... 63). In the early 90’s the problem the government was trying to solve was a familiar one with that of the national railways, that is how to without unacceptable reductions in the scale of the railway service, reduce the demands on the national taxpayer. The main principle running the British railway was not changed after the 1990’s policy of privation. The main aim of this policy was to maximize the railway sector competition and come up with a low-cost efficient railway sector. The implementation in the beginning did yield results where the customer service, ticketing, time table and traffic improved greatly. However the strategy set soon fell foul as a result of management strategies and styles applied and interference from politics as a result of a change of government right after privatization. The new labour government was not comfortable with privatization of the railway industry. Later Railtrack ran into financial trouble and the government took its opportunity t o acquire the control of the railway industry again. Unfortunately the British railways provision of service declined greatly with no competition and the lack of proper management. For any organization to survive today’s market, it is utmost that they establish an ongoing process of coping with current market demands, with the management level going back to the drawing board to review the company’s vision, lest they become obsolete. Any public sector thinking about carrying out strategic management change, should first understand the type of organization they have in the sector. To understand organization means to look into the level of competencies, look at the

There Are Black Essay Example for Free

There Are Black Essay The blacks are considered by the white society as worthless slaves who have no choice but to be a housemaid or slave. Racism has been a popular issue for many years, and has caused many blacks to suffer because of their outward appearance. Aibileen faces as a victim to racial comments in the movie â€Å"The Help† directed by Tate Taylor which took place in the 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi. Aibileen is a maid. African American housemaid who has just experienced the loss of her son and has raised about 17 children as a maid. Blacks did not have the equal rights like the white society caused many to have education for money. This essay will show to a large extent the struggles Aibileen goes through, and through camera angles, dialogue, it will provide in detail why Tate Taylor used Aibileen to communicate to the viewers the problem of racism has on our society. Racism has caused blacks to differ from the white society. The impact of racism back in 1960s Jackson, Mississippi provides the struggle of an individual name Aibileen an African American house maid through a white society. Aibileen in scene one talks about how she lost her only son and was left laying dead in front of a white hospital. As a mother their responsibility is to protect and ensure the child’s safety is their first priority. Tate Taylor uses a point of view shot on the wall in scene one which sows the picture of her son and a frame of Jesus Christ to enable the viewers to see how severe the issue about racism can lead to. The blacks are treated unfairly and the white society takes advantage of the situation by ensuring blacks would be their maid to do their dirty work. In scene two you see a mid and long shot was used on Aibileen and Mae Mobley. It allows the viewers to see the foreshadow between scene one and scene two when she loses her son, and comforting the baby girl she looks after. Tate Taylor suggests by using a long shot on them shows the sense of loss Aibileen has experienced ascertain the idea of sympathy towards Aibileen. When problems become piled up one by one you start to realize the only way through it is standing up for yourself. In the get together party in scene three a few girls all had a reunion which we see Skeeter joining in. Hilly makes a racist remark on black people carrying diseases which Aibileen can clearly hear from a distance. A point of view shot was used from Skeeter to Aibileen to see her reaction towards Hilly’s comment. This camera angle was used clearly to express the disappointment on Aibileen’s face and how racism can hurt others mentally and emotionally. As the scene went on the maids are at first reluctant to talk to Skeeter because the result of them losing their jobs and violence can affect their families. Aibileen was first to tell her stories which foreshadowed their way out to starting a new life. By the end of the film when Skeeter books are finally Alvin. S published, Aibileen loses her job and walks off. Tate Taylor uses an establishing shot while Aibileen walks off to indicate to the viewers that while she is leaving she is also starting a new life. This angle was used effectively to deliberately allow the viewers to see that a fresh new start is what Aibileen really needs. Dialogue gives the viewers a vital idea of decisions made by Aibileen. Dialogue is crucial because it provides us with tension and suspense to what is going to happen. Aibileen from the beginning in scene one knew she would become a maid. She saws â€Å"my mama was a maid; my grandmamma was a house slave†. Back in 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi the blacks ever want was fair treatment towards their society. Skeeter is used by Tate Taylor to provide the viewers the perspective of Aibileen as a black house maid. For many, blacks are afraid to stand up for what they believe in but Aibileen says to Hilly â€Å"All you do scare and lie to dry and get what you want: Hilly is used by the director to be the antagonist of the film and this quote by Aibileen shows the tension and anger that was bottled up inside Aibileen. â€Å"I aint never had no white person in my house† shows the contrast between both the white and the black society. Dialogue is very crucial for communication which allows the viewers to understand and critically know the situation in the film â€Å"The Help†. At the last scene of the film Hilly persuades Elizabeth to fire Aibileen as her housemaid. The quotes â€Å"My boy Trelaw said we gonna have a writer in the family on day, I guess it’s gonna be me† This establishes the struggles of Aibileen and portrays the idea that maybe one day she could retell the painful she experience she encountered as a housemaid. Dialogues show many views and angles and establish conflict and tension to effectively show a critical issue between Aibileen and the white society that surrounds her. In conclusion: Racism is an issue that still happens to this very day and is something most people all have witnessed. Like the Film â€Å"The Help† racism has a big influence on people in our society we live in today and through dialogue and camera techniques, Tate Taylor uses it effectively to help communicate the struggles of Aibileen as an individual but with support and faith she overcomes the obstacles that society throws at her.

Compare and contrast David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s explanations of economic development and underdevelopment Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s explanations of economic development and underdevelopment Essay Prompt: Compare and contrast David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank’s explanations of economic development and underdevelopment. How do these authors explain the development of Japan in the 19th century? This paper will analyze the arguments on development and underdevelopment from the point of view of David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank. At the very beginning of Frank’s essay, he clarifies three characteristics of countries, developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped. Meaning of developed country is obvious but Frank states that there are misconceptions about the other two terms. Undeveloped basically refers to countries that is not yet start developing or did not manage to develop whereas underdeveloped means not completely developed but still developing. Some of underdeveloped countries are dealing with the issue of disparities in income and cultural differences among the society. This situation leads to existence of social classes and this is called ‘dual society’. Main reason of this problem is while the capitalists are growing economically, the other part remains isolated thus they are less developed. According to Frank, Japan grew rapidly after the Meiji Restoration. Industrialization period was very successful in Japan even though they do not have adequate resource. Reason of this growth is Japan is not satellized during the Tokugawa and Meiji period. As a result development of Japan was greater than other satellized countries such as Russia and South American countries. On the other hand David Landes suggested some ideas that caused Japanese development. Landes thinks that society plays an important role on development. They were highly motivated to work for their country and they believed that their country would develop such as European countries. Thus they inspired by their success and carried themselves country to the same level.